Barbara Brackman's MATERIAL CULTURE: Flora Delanica #5: Sunflower

Flora Delanica #5: Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) by Becky Brown

The common sunflowers are native to the Americas.

Mary Delany's work reflects her lifelong interest in natural history. Collecting specimens whether botany or seas shells was a fashionable hobby at which she excelled.

One of Mary's mosaic grottoes

Friends paid many compliments to Mary Granville Pendarves Delany, among them that she liked to keep busy. Throughout her life she had energy and enthusiasm for several large-scale artistic projects including the encyclopedic paper mosaick albums she began in her seventies---her Flora Delanica. In her thirties the young widow took up grotto building on a rather grand scale.

Mary Pendarves spent summer, 1732 with

the Donnellen sisters in Killala along the North Atlantic shore.

Her inspiration was a seaside vacation she and longtime friend Anne Donnellen took while visiting Anne's sister Catherine in Ireland. Catherine was married to Robert Clayton, Protestant Bishop of Killala on the North Atlantic coast.

Anne Donnellen (ca.1700-1762) suggested

the extended visit trip to Ireland, perhaps to divert

Mary after an unhappy romance.

Shell-mosaic, Margrave Grotto, England

Collecting shells was a mania of the time. Gathering natural history along the shore combined with a Christian tradition of decorating a cave or grotto with shells to symbolize a pilgrimage to St. James's shrine in Spain.

For centuries pilgrims collected

scallop shells to commemorate their visit to

Santiago de Compostela.

Not far from the Clayton's home was a hill on which Mary and friends were "erecting a grotto":

"On the summit of the hill is a natural grotto, with seats in it that will hold four people. We go every morning at seven o’clock to that place to adorn it with shells – the Bishop has a large collection of very fine ones; [Anne] and I are the engineers, the men fetch and carry for us what we want, and think themselves highly honoured."

Mary closed this letter to her sister:

"I am now going to build a pyramid for the grotto."

St. James, the patron of shell collectors, in Pope's Grotto, Twickenham

Back in England a few years later Mary visited the famous grotto built by poet Alexander Pope, gathering inspiration we can assume. She spent many of her summers as guest of her close friend Margaret Duchess of Portland at Bulstrode in Buckinghamshire, where she worked on a grotto.

The Grotto in the Park at Bulstrode

1781 by S.H. Grimm, British Museum

After she married Patrick Delany and returned to Ireland, Mary decorated their house in Dublin with shell work, creating a mosaic in the building's chapel.

"I go on making shell flowers for the ceiling of the chapel. I have made 86 large flowers and about 30 small ones." Mary in 1750

In her 1953 book Follies and Grottoes, Barbara Jones gives Mary Delany just a paragraph or two.

"She also designed and made or advised on a number of grottoes, notably a famous one at Bulstrode (now demolished) [pictured above] and her amusing letters often refer to follies: all the folly and grotto builders knew one another, and constantly visited and assessed one another's works----the references are innumerable.....In 1752 she gave a ball with one room decorated as a wood with a grotto...."

Mary helped her sister Anne Dewes with shellwork interior decoration at her home Wellesbourne Hall. In the mid 1750s she advised Anne's neighbors the Mordaunt sisters at Walton, Warwickshire on the mosaics in their octagonal bathhouse.

The shell work in the Mordaunts' octagonal bathhouse has been restored.

Mary's vision for the room was shell stalactites or icicles looking as if they'd been placed there by "an invisible sea nymph."

You can stay in the octagonal room.

The Bath House near Stratford on Avon is now a Landmark Trust site.

https://www.landmarktrust.org.uk/search-and-book/properties/the-bath-house-4920/#Overview

Sunflower by Barbara Brackman

Mary in her thirties, forties and fifties apparently spent many hours on scaffolds cementing shells to windows and ceilings. Looking at this mid-life work we can see the roots of the paper mosaics she created in her old age.

"Imagine starting your life's work at 72," begins Molly Peacock's book on Mary Delany, a common view of one aspect of Mary's work as an artist that diminishes all that went before.

To see the original Helianthus annus go to the blog Late Bloomer and scroll down:

https://blog.britishmuseum.org/late-bloomer-the-exquisite-craft-of-mary-delany/

The Block

#5 Sunflower

Applique on the diagonal to an square cut 10-1/2" or on the vertical center of a rectangle cut 9-1/2" x 12-1/2".

One Way to Print the Pattern:

Create a word file or a new empty JPG file that is 8-1/2" x 11".
Click on the image above.
Right click on it and save it to your file.
Print that file out 8-1/2" x 11". Note the inch square block for reference.
Adjust the printed page size if necessary.

Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) by Nan Phillips in wool applique.

A Little More Mary Delany

A bearded iris---hybrid.

Iris Squalens Dingy flower de Luce. Tall Bearded Iris

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/333633001

In 1732 on her first trip to Ireland Mary wrote about her pleasure in shell collecting with four friends:

"We took off in a boat and went to a shore about a mile off to gather shells, where we found a vast variety of beauties. We were very merry in our work...."