Friday, July 10, 2015

Quilt Detectives Solve Case

"Nick, Nora! Did I pay too much?"

We've been working on a case.

The mystery concerns these similar figurative quilts, sometimes advertised as genuine African-American folk art from the turn of the 20th century.


The questions to be answered were:
Were these forgeries made by one person?

Or is it a pattern sold and then stitched by people who love a pseudo-folk-art look?
I posted the questions and solicited reader's comments in this post:

Many associate quilt detectives responded and I think we've solved the mystery as to why there are so many of these quilts floating around the marketplace.

I doubt anyone actually committed forgery or that any reputable dealer or auction house misrepresented them. What we have is ignorance as to the small quilts' age, source and validity as "authentic" folk art. People unfamiliar with antique quilts are mistaking these crafts items for early 19th century, one-of-a-kind baby quilts.


To summarize the first post and comments:

A Missouri quilt (about 1900) with this figure was photographed for
a 1975 book on antique quilts.

That example is the only antique ever published or documented, although some claim that the design was made all over the South.

A pattern derived from the Missouri quilt
was published by Country House Quilts in Indiana
in the 1980s.

It was published as the "Southern Mammy Quilt" with the copy:
"This is a charming example of folkart ...very light-hearted and naive."


Once I knew the pattern name I could do a web search and find it is still available used, although no longer in print.




And I found a 2001 posting on the Quilt History List by my old friend Cuesta Benberry who was THE authority on black imagery in quilts. Someone on the list had referred to it as the Pea Ridge quilt. The quilt above with a figure derived from the Oklahoma Boomer pattern of about 1900 has a label on it from Pea Ridge Purties, apparently a Tennessee cottage industry that sold small, folky patchwork pieces.

Here's Cuesta's post:
"A quilt design like the Pea Ridge quilt was shown in the book NEW DISCOVERIES
IN AMERICAN QUILTS by Robert Bishop, NY: E.P. Dutton © 1975. pp. 54-55
figs.72, 72a. Bishop dated the unnamed quilt c.1900 from southern Missouri.
Years ago, back in the 1960s, the pattern was published by Opal Phillips in
her little mimeographed monthly quilt magazine entitled Quilter's Swap Shop
Monthly, Oklahoma City, OK. She called the pattern "Black Boy."
Fairly recent commercial paper patterns of this design have been published.
I recall buying one but not exact date (perhaps 1980s?). It is called
"Southern Mammy Quilt" and was published by Country House Quilts,
Zionsville, IN and was wall hanging size.
Over the years I have seen many quilts of this design in vendors' booths at
various quilt conferences I attended.
Cuesta Benberry"
I haven't any information on Opal Phillips pattern. If it predates the publication of the 1975 book I bet her figure looks more like the Oklahoma Boomer design than the block in question.

Why are there so many of these quilts in the marketplace? The idea of making a folky quilt that was perceived of as cute seemed quite appealing at the time. The pattern was popular and many quilters followed the pattern instructions to the letter.

Another reason for the abundance seems to be that an importer was contracting with handworkers abroad to stitch these quilts, which were sold through museum gift shops and quilt shops in the 1980s.

So I think we have answered the questions.
There are other questions of course. The big one being:

Is this design tasteless and offensive?

We're just detectives around here. You'll need a cultural arbiter to answer that.



13 comments:

  1. Thank you once again, Sherlock Brackman! Great post. And cultural arbitrator indeed. I hope the pattern itself would not be offensive, but clearly if it were published today it would have a different name.

    ReplyDelete
  2. I love your old film references.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Can't wait to see what case the Quilt Detective Agency takes on next!

    ReplyDelete
  4. Fantastic! Re offensive, what did Cuesta Benberry think? That's a judgment I don't feel qualified to make.

    ReplyDelete
  5. Love the information and the analogies. Great post!

    ReplyDelete
  6. Great sleuthing!

    If this pattern is offensive because it depicts black people, then the Sun Bonnet Sue should be considered offensive because it depicts white people. Offensiveness is overused.

    ReplyDelete
  7. The fact is that there were black women in the South called "Mammy". I have had a copy of this pattern for a long time but never made it. If black people want to preserve their heritage they need to be less offended. I am glad they took down the confederate flag so I am not a total radical

    ReplyDelete
  8. Although I have found many opal phillip patterns in Cuesta's pattern collection, I would love to find this pattern. Hoping everything lost can be found. Bonnie Bus

    ReplyDelete
  9. Apparently Pea Ridge Purties or Purdies was started by Stephen Blumrich and his wife:

    https://www.surfacedesign.org/in-memoriam-stephen-blumrich-sda-founding-father/

    They may not have kept apace of the popularity of the Black Uncle Sam quilts. I have two blocks that are identical to two I found in an outdated EBay post, and that are almost identical to a quilt in the Smithsonian.

    https://www.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2007.7.263

    Who knows whether the Smithsonian version is a very old one, and the Pea Ridge Purdies were later copies? Mine has muslin tea-dipped off white sections, identical mouths and eyes, dark blue with white stars on the framing pieces, and the same little red and white striped pants, along with small prints on the shirts, the top hat, and a hat band with white stars on a dark blue field.

    ReplyDelete
  10. And the dark blue on my blocks is identical to the starred one above in the Uncle Sam Block, including the faint little crescents. I assume it was made in the 80's at Pea Ridge Purdies, or in Asia as a knockoff with the identity of Pea Ridge Purties.

    ReplyDelete
  11. Here's one more post on the Black Uncle Sam quilts, with an attribution of 1986 from Pea Ridge Purties:

    https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2007.7.263

    ReplyDelete
  12. Hi! I Just bought a Pea Ridge Purtie
    quilt. It is not the mammy quilt. It is a flag motif.

    ReplyDelete
  13. Hi

    I just bought a copy of Southern Mammy Quilt Pattern, waiting for it to arrive.

    Cth6387255@aol.com
    Michelle

    ReplyDelete